Bladder cancer is one of the most common urologic malignancies worldwide, with an estimated 614,000 new cases and 220,000 deaths reported in 2022 (Sung et al., 2021). Despite advances in surgery, intravesical therapies,…

Bladder cancer is one of the most common urologic malignancies worldwide, with an estimated 614,000 new cases and 220,000 deaths reported in 2022 (Sung et al., 2021). Despite advances in surgery, intravesical therapies,…